Scientists have long regarded lithium as one of the most promising and widely used materials in technology. However, the price of lithium dropped significantly in 2024, and it’s now 73% cheaper than it was a decade ago. This is largely due to overproduction and the increasing use of batteries made from alternative materials. However, a recent study has brought renewed attention to lithium batteries by demonstrating how to extend their lifespan using a simple element.
The study. A team of engineers from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), in collaboration with South Korea’s Ajou University, successfully extended the life of lithium batteries by an impressive 750%. Interestingly, this breakthrough was achieved by using water as the only solvent in lithium metal anodes.
Researchers proved that lithium batteries can maintain 93.3% of their capacity after more than 300 charge and discharge cycles.
Why? Traditional batteries have performance limitations, often resulting in shorter lifespans and potential fire hazards. However, South Korean researchers addressed these issues by stabilizing the growth of lithium dendrites, which are responsible for these problems.
In depth. The KAIST team developed a protective coating using hollow nanofibers, which were created through a process known as electrospinning. This method incorporates guar gum, a plant-extracted material, and uses water as the only solvent, which decomposes in the soil within a month. The hollow nanofibers help stabilize chemical reactions. They also control the growth of lithium, preventing the disordered accumulation of ions on the anode’s surface.
Are there any issues with water use? Unlike many conventional technologies, this method relies on environmentally friendly resources. However, the use of water as a solvent may raise concerns, given that water is becoming an increasingly limited resource.
Similar methods. A Princeton University study recently introduced a technology that can rejuvenate discarded lithium-ion batteries by up to 95% through a low-temperature plasma-assisted separation method. In contrast to the South Korean project, which focuses on increasing battery lifespans, this approach aims to revive unused batteries.
Image | Vardan Papikyan
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